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3D Printed Astrocytoma
Handling Guidelines for 3D Printed Models
GTSimulators by Global Technologies
Erler Zimmer Authorized Dealer
3.0 lb
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3D Printed Astrocytoma
Item # MP2014
$389.00
$433.00
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Features & Specifications
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3D Printed Astrocytoma
Clinical History
A 73-year-old female was admitted with new left-sided hemiplegia. On further questioning she
revealed a 3-month history of headaches, nausea and deteriorating balance. CT brain revealed an inoperable brain
tumour. She died 1 week after being admitted.
Pathology
This brain specimen is a coronal section. In the right temporal lobe, a poorly demarcated tumour is
present. There is enlargement of the hemispheres and flattening of the gyral pattern. From the posterior aspect
of the specimen subfalcine herniation* is appreciated and the tumour appear less well differentiated with
haemorrhagic and necrotic foci. Histology of this tumour showed an astrocytoma, Grade III/IV.
*In subfalcine
(or cingulate) herniation, the most common type of brain herniation, the innermost part of the frontal lobe is
pushed under part of the falx cerebri, between the two hemispheres of the brain.
Further Information
Gliomas are the second most common cancer of the central nervous system after meningiomas.
The term “glioma” refers to tumours that are histologically similar to normal glial cells i.e. astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. They arise from a progenitor cell that differentiates down one of the cell
lines. Astrocytomas develop from the astrocyte lineage of glial cells. Tumours are staged according to
histological differentiation and range from diffuse astrocytoma (Grade II/IV) to anaplastic astrocytoma (Grade
III/IV) to glioblastoma (Grade IV). Histological features include the prominent eosinophilic cytoplasm in some
astrocytic tumour cells (gemistocytes) as well as a fibrillary background.
Astrocytomas occur most commonly
between the fourth and sixth decades of life. Tumours usually occur in the cerebral hemispheres but may also
occur in the cerebellum, brainstem or spinal cord. They most commonly present with seizures, headaches, nausea
and focal neurological deficits depending on area involved. Without treatment Grade III median survival is 18
months. Treatment includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination thereof, depending on
the clinical context.
Handling Guidelines for 3D Printed Models
GTSimulators by Global Technologies
Erler Zimmer Authorized Dealer
These items normal warranty are two years, however the warranty doesn’t cover “wear and tear”. The manufacturer does have 100% quality control on these models.
The models are very detailed and delicate. With normal production machines you cannot realize such details like shown in these models.
The printer used is a color-plastic printer. This is the most suitable printer for these models.
The plastic material is already the best and most suitable material for these prints. (The other option would be a kind of gypsum, but this is way more fragile. You even cannot get them out of the printer without breaking them).The huge advantage of the prints is that they are very realistic as the data is coming from real human specimen. Nothing is shaped or stylized.
The users have to handle these prints with utmost care. They are not made for touching or bending any thin nerves, arteries, vessels etc. The 3D printed models should sit on a table and just rotated at the table.
The models are very detailed and delicate. With normal production machines you cannot realize such details like shown in these models.
The printer used is a color-plastic printer. This is the most suitable printer for these models.
The plastic material is already the best and most suitable material for these prints. (The other option would be a kind of gypsum, but this is way more fragile. You even cannot get them out of the printer without breaking them).The huge advantage of the prints is that they are very realistic as the data is coming from real human specimen. Nothing is shaped or stylized.
The users have to handle these prints with utmost care. They are not made for touching or bending any thin nerves, arteries, vessels etc. The 3D printed models should sit on a table and just rotated at the table.
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