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3D Printed Hepatic Duct Calculi and Obstructive Biliary Cirrhosis
Handling Guidelines for 3D Printed Models
GTSimulators by Global Technologies
Erler Zimmer Authorized Dealer
4.0 lb
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3D Printed Hepatic Duct Calculi and Obstructive Biliary Cirrhosis
Item # MP2084
$490.00
$545.00
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Features & Specifications
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3D Printed Hepatic Duct Calculi and Obstructive Biliary Cirrhosis
Clinical History
An 85-year old male presented with urinary retention due to benign prostatic
hypertrophy. On admission it was noted that he was jaundiced with cholestatic derangement of his liver function
tests. He underwent a transurethral prostate resection but died from pneumonia 5 days post-operative.
Pathology
The specimen is a slice of liver mounted to display the cut surface. The capsule is
slightly thickened and the liver substance has a finely nodular appearance. Intrahepatic bile ducts are dilated.
When the posterior or inferior surface is viewed an irregular pigmented calculus, 10 mm in diameter, is seen
impacted in a distended hepatic duct. Another smaller calculus 3 mm in diameter has been dislodged. This specimen
represents an example of secondary biliary cirrhosis due to large duct obstruction from hepatic calculi.
Further Information
Hepatolithiasis is characterised by the presence of intrahepatic gallstones.
These calculi can lead to cholangitis, progressive hepatocyte atrophy and destruction, and an increased risk of
cholangiocarcinoma. It is common in East Asia but rare in Western countries. There is no difference in incidence
between genders. The stones are most commonly made up of pigmented calcium bilirubinate stones.
These stones cause intrahepatic bile duct obstruction. Proximal to the obstructing stone distension and dilation of the bile ducts is evident. There is also bile duct proliferation at the portal-parenchymal interface with stromal oedema and infiltrating neutrophils, indicating an acute-chronic inflammation. If untreated this inflammation leads to periportal fibrosis and eventually obstructive biliary cirrhosis. Microscopic appearance would show feathery degeneration of periportal hepatocytes, cytoplasmic swelling often with Mallory Denk bodies (i.e. an inclusion found in the cytoplasm of liver cells with twisted-rope appearance caused by damaged intermediate filaments within the hepatocytes) and bile infarcts from extravasated bile. Chronic inflammation can lead to biliary dysplasia which may develop into cholangiocarcinoma.
Patients may present with repeated cholangitis, intermittent abdominal pain, jaundice or frequently no symptoms. Treatment is usually surgical removal of the calculi.
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Handling Guidelines for 3D Printed Models
GTSimulators by Global Technologies
Erler Zimmer Authorized Dealer
These items normal warranty are two years, however the warranty doesn’t cover “wear and tear”. The manufacturer does have 100% quality control on these models.
The models are very detailed and delicate. With normal production machines you cannot realize such details like shown in these models.
The printer used is a color-plastic printer. This is the most suitable printer for these models.
The plastic material is already the best and most suitable material for these prints. (The other option would be a kind of gypsum, but this is way more fragile. You even cannot get them out of the printer without breaking them).The huge advantage of the prints is that they are very realistic as the data is coming from real human specimen. Nothing is shaped or stylized.
The users have to handle these prints with utmost care. They are not made for touching or bending any thin nerves, arteries, vessels etc. The 3D printed models should sit on a table and just rotated at the table.
The models are very detailed and delicate. With normal production machines you cannot realize such details like shown in these models.
The printer used is a color-plastic printer. This is the most suitable printer for these models.
The plastic material is already the best and most suitable material for these prints. (The other option would be a kind of gypsum, but this is way more fragile. You even cannot get them out of the printer without breaking them).The huge advantage of the prints is that they are very realistic as the data is coming from real human specimen. Nothing is shaped or stylized.
The users have to handle these prints with utmost care. They are not made for touching or bending any thin nerves, arteries, vessels etc. The 3D printed models should sit on a table and just rotated at the table.
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3D Printed Hepatic Duct Calculi and Obstructive Biliary Cirrhosis
$490.00
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